Other authors include Manuel Luis Quezon. With an introduction by Alejandro R. Roces. In 1907 Quezon ran successfully as candidate for the Phi… They got married on December 17, 1918. 74“Senators Yield on Philippines,” 9 May 1916, New York Tribune: 6. Alex Frieder pleaded with President Quezon to help rescue the Jews, which he did. A finding aid is available in the library. Already fluent in Spanish, Tagalog, and the local dialects in Tayabas, Quezon recalled the “most serious obstacle to the performance of my duties in Washington was my very limited knowledge of the English language.” He hired a tutor, but soon began teaching himself using a Spanish–English dictionary to read books, magazines, and newspapers.21 His American friends gave him the nickname Casey, an anglicization of Quezon.22, Quezon’s first term in Congress was relatively quiet legislatively. In 1888 Quezon left Baler to attend Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Manila, graduating in 1894. Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom. (1 May 1916): 2225. President Quezon left by American submarine on a journey which would take him, his War Cabinet, his … In the Anti-Imperialist League Papers, 1903-1922, 597 items and 5 volumes. McCoy, Policing America’s Empire: 96–97, 109–111, 187–188, quotation on p. 111. Manuel L. Quezon: A Register of his papers in the National Library. Emilio Aguinaldo, who had served in 1899-1901 during the Philippine-American War, is usually called the first president. Because Legarda opposed immediate independence, the assembly refused to certify his nomination. To become president of the Commonwealth in 1935, Quezon had to defeat his political rivals, Sergio Osmeña in particular. Address of the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Manuel L. Quezon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon#/media/File:Manuel_L._Quezon_(November_1942).jpg, https://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/8433777193, https://filipiknow.net/facts-about-president-manuel-quezon/. The new film “Quezon’s Game” tells the little-known history of Manuel Quezon’s single-handed rescue of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. In fact, at the time, American administrators regulated much of the Philippines’ civil activity and very little formal political organization existed outside Manila.11 Following a trip to the capital for a convention of provincial governors in late 1906, Quezon, in the hopes of laying the groundwork for a shot at national office, joined the Partido Independista Immediatista, which pushed for immediate Philippine independence.12 In 1907 the opportunity came. In 1935, Quezon won the Philippines' first national presidential election under the banner of the Nacionalista Party. A finding aid is available in the library. In 1903 Quezon passed the bar examination and set up practice in Baler. 35Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 157–163. Following the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during the Second World War, Quezon took shelter in the United States and ran government-in-exile from there until his death. Manuel Quezon is generally considered the second president of the Philippines, even though he was the first to head the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American administration, serving from 1935 to 1944. For newspaper coverage of the friar land sales in newspapers, see, for example, “Protest Sale of Friar Lands in Philippines,” 1 January 1912, Christian Science Monitor: 9; “Committee Asks Friars’ Lands Be Sold Off in Lots,” 11 January 1912, Christian Science Monitor: 1; “May ‘Gobble’ Friar Lands,” 9 May 2012, Washington Post: 4; “Would Protect Friar Lands,” 9 May 2012, Baltimore Sun: 11. Republicans moved to table the legislation, but Quezon fought them point by point, arguing that the looming threat of a world war made Philippine autonomy more important than ever. Belying his inexperience—he had been in politics less than two years—Quezon deftly maneuvered past two other candidates and overcame shifting alliances to win his seat.10, As a local politician, Quezon had not yet aligned with any national political party. 41Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 172; “Committee Head Steals Cline’s Glory as Future Emancipator of Filipinos,” 31 March 1912, Indianapolis Star: B11. 72“Will Keep Philippines”; “No Independence for Philippines.”, 73“Clarke Amendment Defeated in House,” 2 May 1916, Los Angeles Times: I1; “No Independence for Philippines.”. 28Gabriel, “Manuel L. Quezon As Resident Commissioner, 1909–1916”: 254. United States House of Representatives: History, Art, & Archives, Origins & Development: From the Constitution to the Modern House, Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, & Inaugurations, Presidents, Vice Presidents, & Coinciding Sessions of Congress, Foreign Leaders and Dignitaries Who Have Addressed the U.S. Congress, Individuals Who Have Lain in State or Honor, Calendars of the House of Representatives, Search Historical Highlights of the House, Chief Administrative Officers of the House, John W. McCormack Annual Award of Excellence to Congressional Employees, House Members Who Became U.S. Supreme Court Justices, House Members Who Received Electoral College Votes, Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Congress, Jeannette Rankin’s Historic Election: A Century of Women in Congress, Joseph H. Rainey: 150 Years of Black Americans Elected to Congress, Campaign Collectibles: Running for Congress, Electronic Technology in the House of Representatives, The People’s House: A Guide to Its History, Spaces, and Traditions, An Annual Outing: The Congressional Baseball Game, Florence Kahn: Congressional Widow to Trailblazing Lawmaker, Mace of the U.S. House of Represen- tatives, The Long Struggle for Representation: Oral Histories of African Americans in Congress, National History Day 2021: Communication in History, Time for a Tour: Visiting the People’s House, Researching the House: Other Primary Sources, https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/Q/QUEZON,-Manuel-L--(Q000009)/. President Taft reportedly “lost his temper completely” when he heard what the Resident Commissioner had said.40, Quezon, however, was not as worried about the Taft administration as he was about the party faithful in Manila. Message of His Excellency Manuel L. Quezon President of the Philippines In connection with the Observance of Rizal Day [Delivered in the United States, December 30, 1942] ... Our country has been the meeting-ground of the … ___. He argued in favor of a bill that would place the friar lands under the same size restrictions put on the sale of other public lands. (3 October 1914): 16137–16138; Congressional Record, House, 63rd Cong., 2nd sess. He met privately with the President and powerful committee chairmen alike, gauging the issues and crafting legislative solutions, which culminated in perhaps his savviest political victory, the Jones Act of 1916. “Considering the time I have been here, the character of the subject, and the influences I had to fight, I feel inclined to say that I am almost surprised that I have secured so much,” he said.2 Long after he left Washington as a Resident Commissioner, he continued to shape the office by choosing and sometimes discarding his successors. Quezon arrived in Washington, DC, in December 1909 wearing a thick fur overcoat to protect him from the early winter chill and took up residence at the Champlain Apartment House, a new building at the corner of 14th and K Streets in Northwest.20 Quezon received House Floor and debate privileges but was not permitted to serve on any committees. 78Quirino, Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom: 114–118. Manila: N.p., 1968. In retaliation, the commission rejected Quezon’s candidacy.31 For months, the Philippine legislature tried and failed to settle the dispute.32 Finally, in February 1911, the House stepped in and passed a bill extending Quezon and Legarda’s terms until October 1912, giving the insular legislature time to resolve its differences while maintaining representation on the Hill. Manuel L. Quezon began working as a clerk and surveyor, and was appointed treasurer in Mindoro in 1905. 29: 147–152. 48Ibid., 198–201; Harrison, The Corner-Stone of Philippine Independence: 3–4; “Not A Good Philippine Counsellor,” 29 August 1913, New York Tribune: 6. While still in exile in the US, he died from tuberculosis on August 1, 1944, at a 'cure cottage' in Saranac Lake, New York. (2 October 1914): 16079. 33Congressional Record, House, 61st Cong., 3rd sess. Through an executive order in December 1937, he established Tagalog as the basis of the Philippines’ national language. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1915. His father Lucio Quezon was a retired Sergeant of the Spanish colonial army who became a primary schoolteacher in Paco, Manila, while his mother María Dolores Molina taught at a primary school in their hometown. On May 8, Quezon visited the White House and implored President Wilson to back the revived legislation rather than risk having to start all over.74 Nearly four months later, the Senate finally cleared the House bill, a version of which Quezon had helped write years earlier.75 With Quezon in attendance, the President signed it into law on August 29, 1916.76, Following the success of the second Jones bill, Quezon resigned as Resident Commissioner on October 15, 1916.77 Friends in Washington threw him a farewell banquet at the Willard Hotel, and his arrival in Manila—during a typhoon, no less—was akin to a national holiday. Cline had studied the situation in the Philippines and believed he could make independence a reality. If he backed the amendment, Stanley observed, the Philippines would likely become independent quicker than originally planned. 86“New Capitol in Manila,” 30 December 1946, New York Times: 3. As he neared the end of his six-year term, a 1941 national plebiscite led to an amendment in the constitution that allowed presidents to serve two four-year terms, giving Quezon the option for reelection. In the 1941 presidential elections, he got a landslide victory, beating former Senator Juan Sumulong with nearly 82% votes. By creating an eight-year buffer in which the United States would still exercise a measure of control, he believed the bill would “[give] the people of the Philippines an opportunity to practice self-government before finally assuming all the responsibilities of a wholly independent nation.”44, Despite support in Jones’s committee, Quezon’s independence measure hit a snag when the Democratic nominee for president, Woodrow Wilson, advised the chairman to sit on the bill. However, in January 2008, House Representative Rodolfo Valencia of Oriental Mindoro filed a bill seeking instead to declare General Miguel Malvaras the second Philippine President, having … In the Woodrow Wilson papers, ca. He not only dedicated funds for the maintenance of public schools across the country but also for building new schools. Although he once fought against the United States during its invasion of the islands in the early 1900s, Quezon quickly catapulted himself into a Resident Commissioner seat by the sheer force of his personality and natural political savvy. 67Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 221; House Committee on Insular Affairs, Political Status of the Philippine Islands, 64th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. Washington: Government Publishing Office, 2018. He won the case, but had to defend himself against charges of corruption by Berry’s allies. He obtained nearly 68% of the vote against his two main rivals, Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay. Jones continued to drag his feet, and House Democrats pivoted to other issues as the 1914 elections neared.53 Quezon stepped up his lobbying, speaking with the Insular Bureau, business leaders, and the White House before winning enough support that summer.54 Although the Insular Affairs Committee opted not to hold public hearings on the bill, Jones said he was in regular contact with Quezon during the markup. “I am not a Democrat nor a Republican, nor even a Progressive,” he said. But when the insular government bought a huge tract that had once belonged to the Catholic Church and was then unable to sell it directly to Filipino farmers, the American Sugar Refining Corporation, which had a stranglehold on sugar refining in the States, quickly snapped up the vacant property. Quezon hustled to iron out a deal, but the 63rd Congress closed without a solution.63, The 64th Congress picked up Quezon’s bill right away, naming it H.R. Ruby R. Paredes (Quezon City, PI: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1988): 114–160; Theodore Friend, Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 1929–1946 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1965): 151–195. 1884-1938, 0.3 linear foot. You have a country. In 1935, Manuel L. Quezon headed a Filipino delegation to the US, which witnessed US President Franklin Roosevelt signing a new constitution for the Philippines to grant it semi-autonomous commonwealth status. Quezon’s complicated campaign for governor is discussed in detail in Cullinane, “The Politics of Collaboration in Tayabas Province”: 79–81. 22Stanley Karnow, In Our Image: America’s Empire in the Philippines (New York: Random House, 1990): 241. If the alternative was the status quo, “I am for the Clarke amendment body and soul,” he said.71, Despite Quezon’s impassioned remarks, enough Democrats teamed up with Republicans to vote down Clarke’s “poison pill.” Jones offered a few changes in keeping with the Clarke amendment, but when those failed as well, the chairman submitted his own Philippine bill, which more or less mirrored the one the House passed at the end of the 63rd Congress and which contained the “stable” government provision. Manila: Apo Book Company, 1938. Quezon, Man of Destiny. 19“Legarda and Quezon Chosen,” 15 May 1909, Manila Times: 1; “Quezon for Ocampo’s Seat”; Congressional Directory, 64th Cong., 1st sess. Manuel L. Quezon was a statesman, soldier, and politician who was the first elected Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines, even though he is considered the second president of the country after Emilio Aguinaldo. Manuel L. Quezon was born as Manuel Luís Quezon y Molina on August 19, 1878, in Baler in the district of El Príncipe, which is now known as Aurora, named after his wife. He also saved nearly 2,500 European Jews from the Holocaust, for which he was posthumously bestowed the Wallenberg Medal by the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. 39McCoy, Policing America’s Empire: 256; Quirino, Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom: 96–97. 3There is some conflicting information surrounding Quezon’s family history. Some 30 German Jews from Shanghai made it to Manila as refugees, but Quezon paid a lot of political capital for it. 3 Notwithstanding the fact that he is remembered only as a nationalist hero, Manuel Quezon was a shrewd politician. He was heavily criticized by his enemies for allegedly allowing communist Jews into the country. Other authors include Manuel Luis Quezon. Attic, Thomas Jefferson BuildingWashington, D.C. 20515(202) 226-1300, Image courtesy of the Library of Congress. 21Quezon, The Good Fight: 114–115; Felix F. Gabriel, “Manuel L. Quezon As Resident Commissioner, 1909–1916,” Philippine Historical Bulletin (September 1962): 254. The bill also lengthened the general term of service for Filipino Resident Commissioners to four years and raised their office budgets to match those of the rest of Congress.33, It was not until the fall of 1912 that the assembly and the commission reached a deal. 56Congressional Record, House, 63rd Cong., 2nd sess. 64Senate Committee on the Philippines, Future Political Status of the People of the Philippine Islands, 64th Cong., 1st sess., S. Rept. His Spanish parents were Lucio Quezón and María Dolores Molina. In the Harry Burns Hutchins Papers, 1879-1930, 22 linear feet. Correspondents include Manuel Quezon. 5Manuel Luis Quezon, The Good Fight (New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1946): 88. 51Garrison to Wilson, 19 January 1914, in The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, vol. Quezon the President. Manila: Publishers Incorporated, 1940. Wilson was not comfortable setting a date for independence and was more or less content to step back and wait to see how things played out, according to the Washington Post. In 1937-1940, as Hitler’s control spread over Europe and Jews attempted to flee their homes, fewer and fewer countries were willing to let them in. From their first term in the assembly until Quezon’s death, Osmeña and Quezon went back and forth in one of the Philippines’ foremost political rivalries, vying for control over both the party and their country.15, After serving just one term in the Philippine assembly, Quezon looked nearly 9,000 miles away for his next political challenge. Sergio Osmeña, Filipino statesman, founder of the Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista) and president of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He returned to Manila in 1916 after the law was passed, following which he was elected to the Philippine Senate, first as a Senator and then as the Senate President, serving for the longest time till 1935. The assembly and the commission selected one candidate each, which the opposite chamber then had to ratify. Jones was a consistent supporter of Philippine independence, but he was ill and worked slowly and methodically to build consensus on the issue within his committee.42, Looking for a way to hasten the independence process in order to give his party a campaign issue, Quezon put together his own proposal (H.R. With Sergio Osmeña’s help, Quezon sidestepped Harrison, drafting a new independence bill with the cooperation of the Wilson administration in Washington.50, Quezon’s new proposal postponed independence for almost a generation and gave the President a say in the Philippines’ affairs, but it also transferred much of the daily management of the islands to the Filipino people. (18 August 1916): 12839. Once the dust settled, Quezon resigned and returned to private practice.9, In 1906 Quezon ran for governor of Tayabas Province, campaigning not only on his reputation as a lawyer, but on his connections with Bandholtz and other American officials. Filipino President Manuel L. Quezon played an unlikely role in ameliorating the suffering of an estimated 1,200-1,300 Jews who found refuge in the island nation between 1937 and 1941. President Quezon: His Biographical Sketch, Messages and Speeches. T. W. Koch]. “This ends my work in Congress,” he told the Associated Press after the vote. Only in his mid-20s, intelligent, and a natural “master of political intrigue,” Quezon caught the attention of American administrators, particularly Harry H. Bandholtz, the director of the local constabulary, and district judge Paul Linebarger. Moreover, he said, by creating a Philippine senate, the United States would simply be “rearranging” the existing government, not creating something new.56, When the bill came up for general debate two days later, Republicans ripped into the Insular Affairs Committee for marking it up behind closed doors. 1, 1944),” Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement Three, 1941–1945 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1974): 613–615; Carlos Quirino, Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom (Manila, PI: The Community Publishers, Inc., 1971): 18–23, 41, 48–52, 58. He resigned from the governorship and ran for the Tayabas seat in the Philippines’ first national assembly, which would function much like the U.S. House and was created by a delayed provision in the Organic Act of 1902. View Record in the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Quezon was so frequently in Mr. Cline’s committee room that he began to take on the mannerisms of a native-born Indianan, although his language was a little out of joint with the Hoosier dialect.”41, Along with Cline, Quezon cultivated other more powerful allies in the House, including Democrat William A. Jones of Virginia, who chaired the Insular Affairs Committee. He was a people’s president. In the Frank W. Carpenter Papers, ca. He told the Senate Committee on the Philippines that it was not ideal, but the measure was about as good as he thought he could win.65 After approving the markup, the Senate committee pressed Congress to quickly pass this second version of the Jones bill.66, Things came to a screeching halt in January 1916, however, when Democratic Senator James Clarke of Arkansas offered an amendment replacing the preamble’s “stable” government requirement with a provision requiring the United States to pull out of the Philippines completely within four years. Throughout his post-congressional tenure, Quezon held near-dictatorial sway over the Partido Nacionalista, either personally selecting or approving each of the next nine Philippine Resident Commissioners. (1 May 1912): 5698–5703. (17 December 1915): 71. His campaign showed his native political wisdom when he sided with popular issues in a somewhat opportunistic manner. B’nai Brith and the Philippines Cultural Center in Tel Aviv will honor him at different events. Rebirth of a Nation and Its Most Phenomenal Statesman Quezon. Married Life. In the Francis Bowes Sayre Papers, ca. The papers of Manuel Luis Quezon contain correspondence, speeches, articles, and other papers relating to all phases of his career in the Philippines. 53“To Give Filipinos Self-Government,” 4 June 1914, New York Times: 5; “Philippines Must Wait For Freedom,” 5 June 1914, New York Tribune: 4; “A New Philippines Plan,” 5 June 1914, New York Times: 10. They had it all figured out in advance.”, Surprisingly enough, the bill did not die in conference with the Senate.73 Not long after the Jones bill cleared the House there were whispers that the Senate would acquiesce and abandon the Clarke amendment as well. 44Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 174; “Quezon for Independence,” 1 April 1912, New York Tribune: 7. In 1946, his remains were moved to the USS Princeton and re-interred at the Manila North Cemetery, before being moved to the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City in 1979. Chairman Jones had earlier called it “an emergency measure,” but Republicans cautioned Quezon about trusting the motives of the committee.57, Quezon responded forcefully. As a formal political party, however, its reach never extended far outside the capital. Often he abandoned consistency for the sake of pursuing what to his enemies was nothing but plain demagoguery. The islands would remain under America’s military umbrella for the next two decades while a separate resolution would force other foreign powers to stay clear of Manila while the new government settled in.43, “As a representative of the Filipino people in this country, I have given my hearty approval and co-operation to both the bill and the resolution,” Quezon said in a letter to the New York Tribune. Filipiniana Division. The bill, which Jones put his name on after party leaders gave it the go-ahead, set an independence date eight years later and provided for the creation of a Philippine senate. Later that year, Quezon won the first national presidential election in the Philippines. 24Gabriel, “Manuel L. Quezon As Resident Commissioner, 1909–1916”: 254. He appointed the first all-Filipino cabinet in the Philippines, established the Government Survey Board, revamped the Executive Department, and created new offices and boards as necessary. 82Eugenio S. De Garcia, “The Man Quintin Paredes,” 5 September 1934, Philippines Herald Mid-Week Magazine: 3; “Osias Will Return to D.C. Tomorrow,” 22 December 1933, Washington Post: 12; “Filipinos Reappoint Guevara, Drop Osias,” 21 August 1934, Christian Science Monitor: 5. At the same time that the Filipino community in the United States was taking shape, Quezon’s relationship with his countrymen on American soil changed. In 1907 the Philippines began sending two Resident Commissioners to the U.S. Congress to lobby on behalf of the territory’s interests. Correspondents include Manuel L. Quezon. Regardless of his motivations, Congress and the President controlled the fate of the islands, and the Resident Commissioners, despite not being able to vote in the House, were best positioned to influence the territory’s political future on Capitol Hill.16, “I have every reason to believe that I shall succeed in my ambition, or I certainly should not permit my name to go before the Assembly,” Quezon told the Manila Times when asked about his candidacy.17 Though initial reports indicated that Ocampo was surprised by the challenge, the incumbent later published telegrams to and from Osmeña indicating his desire to retire.18 Quezon won handily with 61 of the 71 available votes, Ocampo received four votes—ostensibly “complimentary” gestures out of respect for his service—and a third candidate received none.19. Soon after assuming the presidential office, Quezon introduced several policies aimed at reorganizing various sections of the government. Former president of the Philippines Manuel Quezon saved 1,300 Jews during the Holocaust. 499 (6 April 1916): 1. Governor-General Wood and the Filipino Cause. (December 03, 2020), Office of the HistorianOffice of Art and Archives 85“Family of Late Filipino Chief in Southland,” 4 November 1944, Los Angeles Times: 3; “Quezon’s Body Starts for Manila Tuesday,” 29 June 1946, New York Times: 19. The Philippines' first president, Manuel Quezon and U.S. High Commissioner to the Philippines, Paul McNutt, devised a strategy to grant visas to … 38 (Manila, PI: Bureau of Printing, 1911), https://archive.org/details/aqw4348.0001.001.umich.edu (accessed 10 February 2016). Often he abandoned consistency for the sake of pursuing what to his enemies was nothing but plain demagoguery. He later returned to the university to complete his degree and passed the bar in 1903. He also amended the tenancy act and introduced a tenancy law for the landless Filipino farmers. The keystone of Quezon’s social thought is social justice and all its implication, including; a. History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives, “QUEZON, Manuel L.,” https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/Q/QUEZON,-Manuel-L--(Q000009)/ 59Congressional Record, House, 63rd Cong., 2nd sess. 65Hearings before the Senate Committee on the Philippines, S. 381: Government of the Philippines, 64th Cong., 1st sess. Quezon became the leader of the Nacionalista Party alliance in 1922. Osmeña received a law degree from the University of Santo Tomás, Manila, in 1903. The Philippine commission had become so unpopular, Quezon said, that simply creating a territorial senate would buy the federal government time to deal with the question of independence.46, As tariff issues ate up much of the legislative calendar in 1913, Quezon counseled patience back home. The Good Fight. In the Oscar Terry Crosby Papers, ca. Goettel, Elinor. 910 (1911). Manuel L. Quezon Quotes. (15 May 1912): 6503–6510. 12Cullinane, Ilustrado Politics: 251, 256, 274. Tokyo: Japan Publicity Agency, 1940. (6 October 1914): 16217, 16234; Congressional Record, House, 63rd Cong., 2nd sess. He beat Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay with 68% votes. After surrendering to U.S. forces in 1901, Quezon spent six hard months in prison, where he contracted malaria and tuberculosis. Correspondents include Manuel Quezon. He served as an aide-de-camp to Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine–American War and quickly rose up the ranks to become a major who fought in the Bataan sector. Other authors include Manuel Luis Quezon. 81See Bernadita Reyes Churchill, The Philippine Independence Missions to the United States, 1919–1934 (Manila, PI: National Historical Institute, 1983). 18 (17 December 1915): 1. 1786-1957, 278,700 items ; 1,160 containers plus 35 oversize ; 459 linear feet ; 542 microfilm reels. Hoping to shore up his standing back home before the upcoming election, he anxiously looked for a way to put an independence bill on the floor of the House. (1 May 1916): 7158; Congressional Record, House, 65th Cong., 2nd sess. It became the official language of the Philippines, along with English and Spanish. The two disagreed on certain policies, but they got along “tolerably well,” according to Quezon’s biographer.27, Quezon’s maiden speech in the House on May 14, 1910, reflected his goal to win over popular opinion.28 He thanked the United States for its investment in the Philippines and appealed to America’s revolutionary past, observing that most people would rather “emancipate” the islands than “subjugate” them.29 He carefully emphasized that his constituents would not be satisfied with anything short of independence. Manuel L. Quezon Less renowned, however, is Quezon’s role in saving over 1,300 Jews from Nazi persecution. (6 February 1911): 2022–2024; Public Law 61-376, 36 Stat. In 1907, he was elected as the majority floor leader and chairman of the inaugural Philippine Assembly, which later became the House of Representatives. Earnshaw, meanwhile, went home to the Philippines to rally support for the bill.55, Under Quezon’s guidance, the House cleared the rule governing debate after two hours of discussion. In the Rescue film, Manuel L. Quezon III ponders his grandfather’s reason for helping the Jewish people: “I think for my grandfather, it was perhaps that simple. Independence: a Register of his Papers in the Making: 157–163 Biographical Sketch, Messages and.... Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Congress, ” 2 May 1916, New York: Random House 64th. Lucio Quezón and María Dolores Molina without a particular date of implementation political wisdom when he sided with issues! Comfortably in Baler were Lucio Quezón and María Dolores Molina Appleton-Century Company, ). 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